Machine for planing and jointing



Sept. 30, 1952 J. c. RYAN 2,612,192

MACHINE FOR PLANING AND JOINTING Filed Oct. 31, 1947 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 l: 33 iei 22' I I -1- 20 Sept. 30, 1952 RYAN 2,512,192

MACHINE FOR PLANING AND JOINTING Filed Oct. 31, 1947 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Patented Sept. 30, 19 52 UNIT-ED STAT-ES PATENT OFFICE MAonrNaFoR PLANING -AND' JoI'NT'nvG John C'."IRyan,.. loronto, Ontario, Canada AppIicationTOctober 31, 1947,Serial No." 783,384

. Ii/Claims.

1 The object of the" invention ,is to plane and joint woods of various kindsywith or against the grain, to give the zworkia smoothfinishand sordispense with any further processing thereof, suchas sandpapering, nownecessary where wood, used-in.- cabinet making, for example, is planed-andjointed-by machines of this class now onthemarket.

Other-objects of the invention are:

'(1) To design a machine that can be used to give afine finishto pieces ofwood of a very wide range insize. For .examplezwsmall pieces of wood oneinch longby one-eighth of an inch square can be. as easily given ajsmooth. finish. sides and ends, as can pieces of wood four feet long by five inches square, thus making it: possible to utilize pieces of wood that otherwise, in wood-working shops, is waste material.

(2) To: control the path of movement of. the cutters so that they will notat any time contact the work after they have functioned thusavoiding .any possibility of displacing the processing work and marzthe'finished surface thereof.

(3) To give thepairs of cutters the required clearance with the. front 1 edge of the table to insure that" the work-will be cut straight andtrue with oragainst the. grain. v .(4)' To: so mount the table that ittmay have a pivotal. movement. around its extreme forward edge, which edgeJiesparallelto and in: the same vertical .plane .as the fixed bench, thereby. making it possible to cut the size .of the work at various angles, and without the work beingin- 'terfered with. by the mounting means for .the

table as it is fed to the cutters.

(5) To provide a particular type of bearing support for the table ateachzside thereof. so that its axis of movement will pass. throughthe axes of' said supports which latter are. so constructed asnot vto interfere with-the passage of the work to and from thecutters.

(6) To provide means whereby the journalling .means'for the tablev at .each :end maybe constantly held tohave a fixed axis of movement, irrespective of .the arc of said journalling means may be moved throughv thereby insuring a. fixed axis for the table.

' (7) *To provide particularmeans whereby: the angular position ofthe table may be determined and fixed.

'(8) To remove'fromthe-work any stringy or chippedportions remaining at the edges of certainclasses of woodafterv the; cutters have functioned.

('9) To provide aspecific typeof open bearing for the table-and (10) To provide'a' balanced cutter-head set at an angle to the front edge of the table so that a section of the fixed bench may be partly housed therein to provide a guardfor the cutters and to allow these latter a working range of 90 vancingwork.

. 2 Various otherobjects of the inventionwillbe referred to laterin the-specification.

The invention basically consists of .a method for coordinating the three followingmovements:

1 the continuous feeding of the work in, a given direction; (2) the consecutivemoving of the pairs of cutters around a-flxed axis of rotationangularly towards the work laterally thereof with their cutting edges parallel to the direction of movement'of the work to bring, them to the work to function, and (3) the consecutive moving of said cutters angularly away from the work immediately after they have functioned.

The invention further consists in the manner of mounting andconditioning the cutters to carry out the method,: and thearticle made by this method.

The invention broadly consists of :a cutterhead angularly positioned with relation to the table supporting the work, thesaid cutter-head supporting a plurality of pairs of cutters, located at different radii from .the axis .of rotation of said cutter-head, with their cutting edges parallel to the direction ofmovement of the work so that as they are carried: through. agiven path by movement of said cutter-head they will be brought laterallyv into contact with the work and function, and after functioning will be moved away from the. work,-so thereby accomplishing the result sought, as hereinaftermore particularly explained.

In its preferred formherein describedandjillustrated in the accompanying drawings. thet'able is pivotally supported.

Fig. 1 isa front elevation of, the machine.

Fig. 2 is. a rear, elevation of the machine.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the machine.

Fig. 4 is an elevation of one end of'the machine on anenlarged scale.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of theparticular bearing means for the table, and the. means to determine the angle at which the table is set.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of portionof the table showing the relative position ofa pair of cutters when functioning, which cutters are-shown-as supportedby portion of the cutter-head. This view also shows the trimming-knife supported by a guide member for the work.

Fig. 7 is a faceview'ofportion ofthe cutterhead showing'how the finishing cutters overlap portion of the path of movement of the rough cutters.

Fig. 8 is a longitudinalsection on the 8-8, Fig. 4.

Fig-9 is a plan view of.-portionof the :cutterhead showing a' pair of cutters supported thereby to illustrate the different distances these-cutters project beyond the cuttershead.

Fig. 10-is a verticalzsectiomon a: reduced scale on the line I 0.l 0, Fig. 1.

Fig. 11 is a horizontal. section-on the line l 1-! I, Fig..1,.and

Fig. 12 is.- a vertical section on the linel2- I2, Fig.1.

line,

In the drawings likecharacters of reference refer to the same parts.

The cutters are in pairs, and there are two types of cutters in each pair-the rough cutters a, and the finishing cutters b. The rough cutter ,member 22, and segmental sockets 23.

of each pair is located at the same radius from the axis of rotation of the cutter head 46, which is located above the table of the machine, and the finishing cutter b, of each pair is -'located at a shorter radius from this axis. Each finishing cutter projects a very short distance in advance of its fellow rough cutter. The result is the rough cutters first contact the work, and the path of movement of each rough cutter is overlapped inpa'rt bythe path of movement of its finishing fellow-cutter to ensure the proper finishing of'the work (Figs. 6 and 7). In the machine in use the cutters are three-eighths of an inch square, though the shape of the cutters may vary. I

The fixed base 2 o'f'the machineis supported by any suitable means such as the braced legs shown, and carried by this brace by suitable means such as the supports 4, is arear'fixed horizontal table 3. Attached to the fixed table 3, are end plates 5 and 5", and the knee 5', which brace the fixed bench 6. This bench .is supported by the fixed table 3, which in turn'is further supported by the plates 1. There is nothing novel in this construction.

g The movable bench 8 is supported by any suitable means, and its function is to regulate the depth of cut to be made in the work 0. As shown (Figs; 2 and 3), the bench is supported and guided by rods 9, suitably held in the brackets l0, supported by the table 3, and.

braced by the knees A hand wheel i2, is carried by a rod l3, held in a support I 3, coupled to the bench 8." This rod passes through a bracket M, carried by the base 2, and table 3, and. has threaded engagement with the bracket l5, carried by the bench 8. By the described or other suitable means, the bench 8 is moved transversely of the machine. There is nothing patentably new in this construction.

Supported by the walls 1, at its base I6 oifset therefrom is a guide-member H, which functionally is a section of the fixed bench 6. The face of the member I? is in the same vertical plane as the face of the bench 6.

The table |8 supports the work 6 undergoing processing and it is suitably supported to have a fixed pivotal movement on its extreme forward edge l9, which lies parallel to and in the same plane as the face of the bench 6, and guide-member v The means used to pivotally mount the table l8, must not interfere ,with the movement of the work to and from the cutters, and must maintain the extreme front edge I 9, of the table, in all angular positions, in a fixed pivotal position. The preferred form of means to pivotally so mount the table l8, comprises, at each side thereof, 2 segmental bearing-members, thus providing unobstructed passage of the work to and from the machine. At each end of the table |,8, is fastened a guide-arm 26, the rear portion of each of which is wider than the front portion 2|. Between :these 2 portions is countersunk a segmental bearing-member 22, the open side of which is uppermost. A segmental socket 23 supports each bearing-member 22. These sockets 23 are countersunk in a semi-circular plate 24, supported at ea'chside of the table by the end plates 5, and 5", carried by the table 3.

Asshown clearly in Ffigs. 4 and 5, the extreme forward edge l9, of the table l8, is.in alignment with the axes of the segmental bearing- The sockets 23, give ample support to the bearingmembers-22, and it will be noticed these sockets andbearing-members can not in any way interfere with the passage of the work thereover.

' They will definitely support the edge I9, of the table, 8, in a fixed axial position.

Around the perimeter of each plate 24, is secured a metal facing 25, which is concentric with the sockets 22 and23'. In sliding contact with the facing 25, is'a shoe 26 (Fig. 8), carried by 'a follower 21, held ina slot 28, formed in each awn-portion 2|. *Carried' by each arm portion 2|, is a dowel pin '29, which passes through a dowel slot 39, formed in each follower. A pocket 3| is formed longitudinally-in each follower 27, and extended into the outer end of each arm-portion 2|, in each is housed a spiral-spring 32. The'function of these springs isto maintain the shoes 26, constantly in contact with the metal facings 25, and hence each segmental bearing-member 22, is definitely held in' contact with its associated segmental socket 23.-"' J At the right-hand of the machine a plate 24 is located. This plate is marked with a scale to show the angles through which the table I8 maybe moved.- C'o-actingwith this scale is a pointer 33, carried by its associated arm portion 2|.

Any suitable means may be used to adjust the angular position of thetable |8, and'hold it securely in that position. The preferred means for this purpose consists of a pair of toothed racks 34, hinged to the underside of the table l8, near theouter side thereof (Fig. 4); These racks operate through slots 35, in the base 2, and are held in mesh with the pinions 36, keyed to a shaft 31 mounted in'suitable bearings depending from the base 2 Figs'. land 2). Also'mounted on the shaft 31, are yokebearings 38, which embrace each pinion 36, and also each rack (Figs; 11 and 1-2). In order .to keep the pinions and racks constantly in mesh and the yoke-bearings fully in contact with the racks each yoke-bearing 38 is provided with a shoe-plate 39, through each of which is threaded a screw 43, partly tapped into each yoke-bearing. Mounted on each screw is a spiral-spring, by means of which the desired pressure may be maintained. 1 A hand-wheel 42 is keyed to the shaft 31, and also keyed to said shaft is an index wheel 43. peripherally provided with a number of spaced slits radially disposed with relation to the axis of the shaft 31. 1

By means of the devices just described the table I8 may beplaced in the desired angular position. Fastened to the fixed table 3,. is' a support 44., to which is pivoted a keeper- 45. By placing this keeper in one of the slits the table may be securely held in the desired angular position. v

The front edge of the table |8 is provided with a metal plate, and it is the edge IQ of this plate that is the axis of the table. This plate is cut away at 49 (Figs. 3v and 6) fora distance of approximately five-eighths of an inch in length to a depth of fifteen-thousandths of an inchto form a gap in which the finishing cutters work.

After the cutters have been mounted in the cutter-head 46, this latter, by means of. its shaft 41, is angularly mounted in any suitable bearings supported by the table 3, in position so that its face 48 will operate at an acute angle to the front edge [9, of the table I3, in order to give the pairs of cutters clearance with the work after functioning, and with any part of The cutting ends ofv the machine at any time. the cutters are now ground to make them parallel to this front edge l9. When correctly finished the face of the rough cutters a is in the same plane as the edge [9, and the face of the finishing cutters is a very short distance behind the said edge IQ, of the faces of the aligned c0- acting members I7 and 6. In a machine in use the cutters b have a clearance with the machine on their up-movement of one-sixteenth of an inch.

The finishing cutters b, project one inch plus .005, and the rough cutters a. project one inch beyond the face 48, of the cutter-head 46 (Fig. 9). v

The angle at which the cutters are held to operate in by the cutter-head together with the position of the cutting ends of these cuttters with relation to the table l8 (Fig. 6) and to each other will insure a flat and even finish of the work. Care must be taken to keep this angle to the table 18 as small as possible to thereby avoid dishing of the finished surface of the work.

In Fig. 6, the work is shown as held against the bench 8, while moved in the direction indicated by arrow. Presently the cutters a and I) start to function in this order. Almost immediately after the cutters have started to cut the work will be brought into contact with the guidemember ll, and presently will pass on into contact with the face of the bench 6.

If the forward end of the work 0 is not laterally supported after it leaves the bench 8 it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the work could not be kept in a given line of forward movement with the result the work would not be properly finished.

The trimming knife or blade c, is countersunk flush with the outer face of the guide-member IT. The cutting edge of this blade is segmental in form with a radius struck from the axis of the shafts 41, and it projects about one-eighth of an inch beyond the perimeter of the member ll. As shown in Fig. 1, the said cutting edge extends above and below the front edge of the table I8. The function of this cutting edge is to remove tag ends and chipped parts of wood undergoing process. This blade 0 is provided with a recess (1 (Fig. 6), to permit passage therethrough of any material severed by the knife which passes by the edge of the knife.

As shown in Fig. 10, the waste material passes into any suitable chute e. This figure also shows the cutter-head as counterbored thereby permitting the member I! to be partly housed therein with its outer surface in the same vertical plane as the bench 6.

Fig. 7 shows clearly that the path of movement of the rough cutters a is partly overlapped by the finishing cutters b.

The guide-member I1, is spaced apart from the benches 6 and 8. This construction permits ready access to the cutters a. and b, and facilitates acute angular positioning of the cutter-head 46, with respect to the edge I 9, of the table I 8.

While herein has been illustrated and described specifically the preferred form of construction for carrying out the objects of this invention, it must be understood that the illustrated embodiment of the invention is not to be considered as narrowing the scope of the claims. For instance, the table l8 may be fixed as disclosed in my application No. 695,743, filed September 9, 1946 (now abandoned), for some classes of users.

I claim:

1. A machine of the class described comprising a table provided with a gap in its front edge; a cutter-head; a rotatable shaft journalled at an acute angle to said front edge on which said cutter-head is secured with its axis of rotation above said table; a plurality of pairs of rough and finishing cutters held in said head with their cutting ends ground parallel to the said front edge, the finishing cutter of each pair functioning in said gap when making its cut; a gauge adjoining and parallel to the front edge of said table to regulate the depth of cut made in the work; fixed means to maintain the desired path of movement of the work while it is being processed comprising a bench adjoining and parallel to the front edge of said table, and a guide member carried by said fixed bench in alignment therewith and located immediately in front of said cutterhead.

2. A machine of the class described comprising a table provided with a gap in its front edge; a cutter-head; a rotatable shaft journalled at an acute angle to said front edge on which said cutter-head is secured with its axis of rotation above said table; a plurality of pairs of rough and finishing cutters held in said head with their cutting ends ground parallel to said front edge, the finishing cutter of each pair functioning in said gap when making its out; a gauge adjoining and parallel to the front edge of said table to regulate the depth of cut made in the work; fixed means to maintain the desired path of movement of the work while it is being processed comprising a bench adjoining and parallel to the front edge of said table: a guide-member carried by said fixed bench in alignment therewith and located immediately in front of said cutter-head; means to pivotally mount said table for movement around its front edge, and means to adjust the angular position of said table.

3. A planer and jointer as set forth in claim 1, having a trimming knife firmly carried by said guide-member directly behind the functioning c JOHN 0. RYAN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 110,671 Neeb Jan. 3, 1871 559,396 Meyer May '5, 1896 692,583 Zimmermann Feb. 4, 1902 807,560 Kratsch Dec. 19, 1905 895,401 Hamilton et al Aug. 4, 1908 991,171 Rieck May 2, 1911 1,040,419 Rightmire Oct. 8, 1912 1,075,739 Thorn Oct. 14, 1913 1,828,663 Jopp Oct. 20, 1931 1,830,369 McIntosh Nov. 3, 1931 1,867,021 Monosmith July 12, 1932 1,874,536 Irwin Aug. 30, 1932 1,907,308 Talboys I May 2, 1933 2,040,718 Tautz -1 May 12, 1936 2,097,920 Hedgpeth Nov. 2, 1937 2,214,449 Berry -1 Sept. 10, 1940 2,231,728 Maher Feb. 11,1941 2,314,179

Teague Mar. 16, 1943 

